A Conceptual Framework for Integrating AI, IoT, and Blockchain to Accelerate Zimbabwe's Sustainable Development: An ICT4D Perspective

Abstract

Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) is the use of technology with a developmental agenda, especially in the underserved regions and has been instrumental in sustainable development. Combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain (BC), there has been a new dimension to sustainable development as new prospects are presented by the three technologies in synergy. AI has the capability to provide technicians with new ways of solving challenges efficiently. Industries like health, education and agriculture can be revolutionized as tailor made solutions boost decision making and productivity. IoT can guarantee smooth data exchange, real time monitoring and automation thereby increasing productivity and saving costs. BC is a technology that guarantees transparency, accountability and trust during transacting digitally thus making it ideal for use in governance, finance and supply chain management. A qualitative approach was used to gather opinions from a sample of ICT4D practitioners and stakeholders to gauge the perceived impact of AI, IoT, and Blockchain on sustainable development and to explore possible opportunities available with the combined technologies. In-depth interviews were conducted with experts in the field to gather detailed insights on the success factors for AI, IoT and BC, what considerations in designing a framework, and framework suitability to the integration of the three technologies. The results indicated that AI, IoT, and Blockchain have the potential to positively impact sustainable development in various aspects, including increased efficiency, improved decision-making, and enhanced innovation. For the integration framework to bring positive results, it needs to consider ICT4D and sustainable development components such as local context, capacity building, and green technology.